An Analysis of Progress Toward EU Macroeconomic and Environmental Indicator Convergence

The purpose of this paper is to examine and update the progress toward meeting macroeconomic environmental “convergence criteria” outlined in original Maastricht Treaty 1991, Kyoto Protocol 1997 its successor climate agreements. Using recently developed econometric models convergence, study presents an inventory convergence properties 12 indicators for a sample 15 EU member countries with data period 1990-2020. While not exhaustive, it representative widely accepted used gauge achieving stated criteria, including some that our knowledge have yet been formally studied convergence. We also give example how using inappropriate model can lead incorrect misleading results, suggest testing strategy obtain more reliable results. appropriate model, we found evidence weak Sigma-convergence 5 (4 1 environmental). Thus economic remains mixed.